Кишкова бактеріальна гідролаза солей жовчних кислот як перспективна терапевтична мішень при деяких захворюваннях внутрішніх органів. Огляд літератури
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/MG-2025-2-85Ключові слова:
жовчні кислоти, гідролаза солей жовчних кислот, дисліпідемія, серцево‑судинний ризик, мальабсорбція жовчних кислот, синдром подразненої кишкиАнотація
Жовчні кислоти (ЖК) — це незамінні сполуки, які синтезуються в печінці з холестерину. Їх розглядають як сигнальні молекули, що впливають на низку рецепторів і метаболічних процесів, утворюючи вісь жовчні кислоти‑кишечник‑мікробіом‑печінка. Активність бактеріальної гідролази солей жовчних кислот (ГСЖК) має важливе значення для регуляції метаболізму ЖК. Її експресія відрізняється у різних видів кишкових бактерій. Дисбаланс кишкової мікробіоти і зниження активності кишкової бактеріальної ГСЖК пов’язані з такими захворюваннями, як ожиріння, метаболічний синдром, запальні та функціональні захворювання кишечника. Нещодавні дослідження виявили двосторонній зв’язок між ЖК, кишковою мікробіотою та метаболічними процесами. Змінений метаболізм ЖК пов’язаний із такими станами, як дисліпідемія, серцево‑судинні захворювання та захворювання шлунково‑кишкового тракту. Пробіотики, особливо штами, що експресують ГСЖК, демонструють багатообіцяючий потенціал щодо модулювання метаболізму ЖК, поліпшення ліпідного профілю, зниження серцево‑судинного ризику та мальабсорбції ЖК. Клінічні дослідження виявили, що ці пробіотики можуть знижувати рівень холестерину, що супроводжується поліпшенням ризику серцево‑судинних захворювань. Крім того, лікування пробіотичними штамами, що експресують ГСЖК, продемонструвало переваги при функціональних шлунково‑кишкових розладах (синдром подразненого кишечника), за яких активність ГСЖК знижена та наявна мальабсорбція ЖК. Необхідно провести додаткові дослідження, щоб підтвердити терапевтичний потенціал пробіотиків, які експресують ГСЖК, для лікування дисліпідемії, корекції серцево‑судинного ризику й терапії шлунково‑кишкових захворювань. Таким чином, ЖК та їхні мікробні перетворення відіграють вирішальну роль у підтримці метаболічного здоров’я та здоров’я шлунково‑кишкового тракту. Пробіотики, що експресують ГСЖК, можуть слугувати новим підходом до модуляції метаболізму ЖК та корекції пов’язаних із цим розладів, але необхідно провести клінічні дослідження для обґрунтування їхньої клінічної користі та внесення до клінічних рекомендацій.
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