Пробіотики: роль у керуванні стресом у хворих на неалкогольну жирову хворобу печінки. Огляд літератури
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/MG-2023-4-77Ключові слова:
неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки, стрес, кишкова мікробіотаАнотація
Неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки (НАЖХП) — одне з найпоширеніших хронічних захворювань печінки в світі (серед дорослого населення — 25 — 30%). Показники поширеності відрізняються залежно від країни, найвищі показники зареєстровано в регіонах з підвищеним рівнем стресу. Частота визначення НАЖХП корелює з інтенсивністю суб’єктивного відчуття стресу. Війна в Україні та міграція частини населення в країни Європи значною мірою вплинули на стан здоров’я населення, що зумовлено різким зростанням впливу стресогенних чинників і формуванням ознак порушень ментального здоров’я. Хронічний вплив негативних психосоціальних чинників, зокрема стресогенних умов воєнного часу, є основною причиною гіперактивації реакції на стрес і хронічного високого рівня кортизолу, що стає дезадаптивним і призводить до віддалених наслідків — змін вуглеводного та ліпідного обміну, енергетичного балансу, метаболічних змін, що спричиняють формування та прогресування НАЖХП, а також до змін в імунній системі. Крім метаболічних чинників, хронічний стрес є тригером змін функціонування травної системи та кишкової мікробіоти, тобто осі кишечник — печінка, яка бере участь у формуванні НАЖХП. Наведені дані обґрунтовують необхідність проведення наукових досліджень для пошуку патогенетичних заходів, що впливають на ментальні процеси в людини через корекцію мікробіому, а саме психобіотиків — пробіотиків, споживання яких у певній кількості сприятливо впливає на психічне здоров’я господаря через взаємодію з коменсальними кишковими бактеріями. Незважаючи на певний прогрес у дослідженні ефективності психобіотиків у керуванні стресом, кількість досліджень з цієї проблеми мала, тому необхідно провести додаткові дослідження їхнього використання в комплексному лікуванні НАЖХП з урахуванням чинників способу життя.
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